做网站最重要的是什么？数据！数据，是网站之本，备份，是每一个站长都应该重视的事情。但同时，备份也是一件繁琐和重复的事情。所以，这些事情，肯定能做到自动化的。
下面来介绍一下这个一键备份脚本 backup.sh。
总结一下 backup.sh 特点：
1、支持 MySQL/MariaDB/Percona 的数据库全量备份或选择备份；
2、支持指定目录或文件的备份；
3、支持加密备份文件（需安装 openssl 命令，可选）；
4、支持上传至 Google Drive（需先安装 gdrive 并配置，可选）；
5、支持在删除指定天数本地旧的备份文件的同时，也删除 Google Drive 上的同名文件（可选）。
2016 年 8 月 21 日更新：
1、新增：指定 MySQL/MariaDB 的数据库名进行备份，可以同时指定多个；
2、新增：删除指定天数本地旧的备份文件。
2016 年 9 月 8 日更新：
1、新增：删除指定天数本地旧的备份文件的同时，可选删除 Google Drive 上的同名文件。
2016 年 11 月 29 日更新：
1、新增：上传备份文件到 FTP 选项；
2、新增：删除指定天数本地旧的备份文件的同时，可选删除 Google Drive 及 FTP 上的同名文件。
教程模式开启：
1、下载该脚本并赋予执行权限
wget --no-check-certificate https://github.com/teddysun/across/raw/master/backup.sh chmod +x backup.sh
或者编辑以下代码，保存为XXX.sh文件
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Copyright (C) 2013 - 2022 Teddysun <i@teddysun.com>
#
# This file is part of the LAMP script.
#
# LAMP is a powerful bash script for the installation of
# Apache + PHP + MySQL/MariaDB and so on.
# You can install Apache + PHP + MySQL/MariaDB in an very easy way.
# Just need to input numbers to choose what you want to install before installation.
# And all things will be done in a few minutes.
#
# Description: Auto backup shell script
# Description URL: https://teddysun.com/469.html
#
# Website: https://lamp.sh
# Github: https://github.com/teddysun/lamp
#
# You must to modify the config before run it!!!
# Backup MySQL/MariaDB datebases, files and directories
# Backup file is encrypted with AES256-cbc with SHA1 message-digest (option)
# Auto transfer backup file to Google Drive (need install rclone command) (option)
# Auto transfer backup file to FTP server (option)
# Auto delete Google Drive's or FTP server's remote file (option)
[[ $EUID -ne 0 ]] && echo "Error: This script must be run as root!" && exit 1
########## START OF CONFIG ##########
# Encrypt flag (true: encrypt, false: not encrypt)
ENCRYPTFLG=true
# WARNING: KEEP THE PASSWORD SAFE!!!
# The password used to encrypt the backup
# To decrypt backups made by this script, run the following command:
# openssl enc -aes256 -in [encrypted backup] -out decrypted_backup.tgz -pass pass:[backup password] -d -md sha1
BACKUPPASS="mypassword"
# Directory to store backups
LOCALDIR="/opt/backups/"
# Temporary directory used during backup creation
TEMPDIR="/opt/backups/temp/"
# File to log the outcome of backups
LOGFILE="/opt/backups/backup.log"
# OPTIONAL:
# If you want to backup the MySQL database, enter the MySQL root password below, otherwise leave it blank
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=""
# Below is a list of MySQL database name that will be backed up
# If you want backup ALL databases, leave it blank.
MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME[0]=""
# Below is a list of files and directories that will be backed up in the tar backup
# For example:
# File: /data/www/default/test.tgz
# Directory: /data/www/default/test
BACKUP[0]=""
# Number of days to store daily local backups (default 7 days)
LOCALAGEDAILIES="7"
# Delete remote file from Googole Drive or FTP server flag (true: delete, false: not delete)
DELETE_REMOTE_FILE_FLG=false
# Rclone remote name
RCLONE_NAME=""
# Rclone remote folder name (default "")
RCLONE_FOLDER=""
# Upload local file to FTP server flag (true: upload, false: not upload)
FTP_FLG=false
# Upload local file to Google Drive flag (true: upload, false: not upload)
RCLONE_FLG=false
# FTP server
# OPTIONAL: If you want to upload to FTP server, enter the Hostname or IP address below
FTP_HOST=""
# FTP username
# OPTIONAL: If you want to upload to FTP server, enter the FTP username below
FTP_USER=""
# FTP password
# OPTIONAL: If you want to upload to FTP server, enter the username's password below
FTP_PASS=""
# FTP server remote folder
# OPTIONAL: If you want to upload to FTP server, enter the FTP remote folder below
# For example: public_html
FTP_DIR=""
########## END OF CONFIG ##########
# Date & Time
DAY=$(date +%d)
MONTH=$(date +%m)
YEAR=$(date +%C%y)
BACKUPDATE=$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)
# Backup file name
TARFILE="${LOCALDIR}""$(hostname)"_"${BACKUPDATE}".tgz
# Encrypted backup file name
ENC_TARFILE="${TARFILE}.enc"
# Backup MySQL dump file name
SQLFILE="${TEMPDIR}mysql_${BACKUPDATE}.sql"
log() {
echo "$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")" "$1"
echo -e "$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")" "$1" >> ${LOGFILE}
}
# Check for list of mandatory binaries
check_commands() {
# This section checks for all of the binaries used in the backup
# Do not check mysql command if you do not want to backup the MySQL database
if [ -z "${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}" ]; then
BINARIES=( cat cd du date dirname echo openssl pwd rm tar )
else
BINARIES=( cat cd du date dirname echo openssl mysql mysqldump pwd rm tar )
fi
# Iterate over the list of binaries, and if one isn't found, abort
for BINARY in "${BINARIES[@]}"; do
if [ ! "$(command -v "$BINARY")" ]; then
log "$BINARY is not installed. Install it and try again"
exit 1
fi
done
# check rclone command
RCLONE_COMMAND=false
if [ "$(command -v "rclone")" ]; then
RCLONE_COMMAND=true
fi
# check ftp command
if ${FTP_FLG}; then
if [ ! "$(command -v "ftp")" ]; then
log "ftp is not installed. Install it and try again"
exit 1
fi
fi
}
calculate_size() {
local file_name=$1
local file_size=$(du -h $file_name 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $1}')
if [ "x${file_size}" = "x" ]; then
echo "unknown"
else
echo "${file_size}"
fi
}
# Backup MySQL databases
mysql_backup() {
if [ -z "${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}" ]; then
log "MySQL root password not set, MySQL backup skipped"
else
log "MySQL dump start"
mysql -u root -p"${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}" 2>/dev/null <<EOF
exit
EOF
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
log "MySQL root password is incorrect. Please check it and try again"
exit 1
fi
if [[ "${MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME[@]}" == "" ]]; then
mysqldump -u root -p"${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}" --all-databases > "${SQLFILE}" 2>/dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
log "MySQL all databases backup failed"
exit 1
fi
log "MySQL all databases dump file name: ${SQLFILE}"
#Add MySQL backup dump file to BACKUP list
BACKUP=(${BACKUP[@]} ${SQLFILE})
else
for db in ${MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME[@]}; do
unset DBFILE
DBFILE="${TEMPDIR}${db}_${BACKUPDATE}.sql"
mysqldump -u root -p"${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}" ${db} > "${DBFILE}" 2>/dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
log "MySQL database name [${db}] backup failed, please check database name is correct and try again"
exit 1
fi
log "MySQL database name [${db}] dump file name: ${DBFILE}"
#Add MySQL backup dump file to BACKUP list
BACKUP=(${BACKUP[@]} ${DBFILE})
done
fi
log "MySQL dump completed"
fi
}
start_backup() {
[ "${#BACKUP[@]}" -eq 0 ] && echo "Error: You must to modify the [$(basename $0)] config before run it!" && exit 1
log "Tar backup file start"
tar -zcPf ${TARFILE} ${BACKUP[@]}
if [ $? -gt 1 ]; then
log "Tar backup file failed"
exit 1
fi
log "Tar backup file completed"
# Encrypt tar file
if ${ENCRYPTFLG}; then
log "Encrypt backup file start"
openssl enc -aes256 -in "${TARFILE}" -out "${ENC_TARFILE}" -pass pass:"${BACKUPPASS}" -md sha1
log "Encrypt backup file completed"
# Delete unencrypted tar
log "Delete unencrypted tar file: ${TARFILE}"
rm -f ${TARFILE}
fi
# Delete MySQL temporary dump file
for sql in $(ls ${TEMPDIR}*.sql 2> /dev/null); do
log "Delete MySQL temporary dump file: ${sql}"
rm -f ${sql}
done
if ${ENCRYPTFLG}; then
OUT_FILE="${ENC_TARFILE}"
else
OUT_FILE="${TARFILE}"
fi
log "File name: ${OUT_FILE}, File size: $(calculate_size ${OUT_FILE})"
}
# Transfer backup file to Google Drive
# If you want to install rclone command, please visit website:
# https://rclone.org/downloads/
rclone_upload() {
if ${RCLONE_FLG} && ${RCLONE_COMMAND}; then
[ -z "${RCLONE_NAME}" ] && log "Error: RCLONE_NAME can not be empty!" && return 1
if [ -n "${RCLONE_FOLDER}" ]; then
rclone ls ${RCLONE_NAME}:${RCLONE_FOLDER} 2>&1 > /dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
log "Create the path ${RCLONE_NAME}:${RCLONE_FOLDER}"
rclone mkdir ${RCLONE_NAME}:${RCLONE_FOLDER}
fi
fi
log "Tranferring backup file: ${OUT_FILE} to Google Drive"
rclone copy ${OUT_FILE} ${RCLONE_NAME}:${RCLONE_FOLDER} >> ${LOGFILE}
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
log "Error: Tranferring backup file: ${OUT_FILE} to Google Drive failed"
return 1
fi
log "Tranferring backup file: ${OUT_FILE} to Google Drive completed"
fi
}
# Tranferring backup file to FTP server
ftp_upload() {
if ${FTP_FLG}; then
[ -z "${FTP_HOST}" ] && log "Error: FTP_HOST can not be empty!" && return 1
[ -z "${FTP_USER}" ] && log "Error: FTP_USER can not be empty!" && return 1
[ -z "${FTP_PASS}" ] && log "Error: FTP_PASS can not be empty!" && return 1
[ -z "${FTP_DIR}" ] && log "Error: FTP_DIR can not be empty!" && return 1
local FTP_OUT_FILE=$(basename ${OUT_FILE})
log "Tranferring backup file: ${FTP_OUT_FILE} to FTP server"
ftp -in ${FTP_HOST} 2>&1 >> ${LOGFILE} <<EOF
user $FTP_USER $FTP_PASS
binary
lcd $LOCALDIR
cd $FTP_DIR
put $FTP_OUT_FILE
quit
EOF
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
log "Error: Tranferring backup file: ${FTP_OUT_FILE} to FTP server failed"
return 1
fi
log "Tranferring backup file: ${FTP_OUT_FILE} to FTP server completed"
fi
}
# Get file date
get_file_date() {
#Approximate a 30-day month and 365-day year
DAYS=$(( $((10#${YEAR}*365)) + $((10#${MONTH}*30)) + $((10#${DAY})) ))
unset FILEYEAR FILEMONTH FILEDAY FILEDAYS FILEAGE
FILEYEAR=$(echo "$1" | cut -d_ -f2 | cut -c 1-4)
FILEMONTH=$(echo "$1" | cut -d_ -f2 | cut -c 5-6)
FILEDAY=$(echo "$1" | cut -d_ -f2 | cut -c 7-8)
if [[ "${FILEYEAR}" && "${FILEMONTH}" && "${FILEDAY}" ]]; then
#Approximate a 30-day month and 365-day year
FILEDAYS=$(( $((10#${FILEYEAR}*365)) + $((10#${FILEMONTH}*30)) + $((10#${FILEDAY})) ))
FILEAGE=$(( 10#${DAYS} - 10#${FILEDAYS} ))
return 0
fi
return 1
}
# Delete Google Drive's old backup file
delete_gdrive_file() {
local FILENAME=$1
if ${DELETE_REMOTE_FILE_FLG} && ${RCLONE_COMMAND}; then
rclone ls ${RCLONE_NAME}:${RCLONE_FOLDER}/${FILENAME} 2>&1 > /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
rclone delete ${RCLONE_NAME}:${RCLONE_FOLDER}/${FILENAME} >> ${LOGFILE}
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
log "Google Drive's old backup file: ${FILENAME} has been deleted"
else
log "Failed to delete Google Drive's old backup file: ${FILENAME}"
fi
else
log "Google Drive's old backup file: ${FILENAME} is not exist"
fi
fi
}
# Delete FTP server's old backup file
delete_ftp_file() {
local FILENAME=$1
if ${DELETE_REMOTE_FILE_FLG} && ${FTP_FLG}; then
ftp -in ${FTP_HOST} 2>&1 >> ${LOGFILE} <<EOF
user $FTP_USER $FTP_PASS
cd $FTP_DIR
del $FILENAME
quit
EOF
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
log "FTP server's old backup file: ${FILENAME} has been deleted"
else
log "Failed to delete FTP server's old backup file: ${FILENAME}"
fi
fi
}
# Clean up old file
clean_up_files() {
cd ${LOCALDIR} || exit
if ${ENCRYPTFLG}; then
LS=($(ls *.enc 2> /dev/null))
else
LS=($(ls *.tgz 2> /dev/null))
fi
for f in ${LS[@]}; do
get_file_date ${f}
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
if [[ ${FILEAGE} -gt ${LOCALAGEDAILIES} ]]; then
rm -f ${f}
log "Old backup file name: ${f} has been deleted"
delete_gdrive_file ${f}
delete_ftp_file ${f}
fi
fi
done
}
# Main progress
STARTTIME=$(date +%s)
# Check if the backup folders exist and are writeable
[ ! -d "${LOCALDIR}" ] && mkdir -p ${LOCALDIR}
[ ! -d "${TEMPDIR}" ] && mkdir -p ${TEMPDIR}
log "Backup progress start"
check_commands
mysql_backup
start_backup
log "Backup progress complete"
log "Upload progress start"
rclone_upload
ftp_upload
log "Upload progress complete"
log "Cleaning up"
clean_up_files
ENDTIME=$(date +%s)
DURATION=$((ENDTIME - STARTTIME))
log "All done"
log "Backup and transfer completed in ${DURATION} seconds"
2、修改并配置脚本
请使用 vim 或 nano 等工具来修改。
关于变量名的一些说明：
ENCRYPTFLG （加密FLG，true 为加密，false 为不加密，默认是加密）
BACKUPPASS （加密密码，重要，务必要修改）
LOCALDIR （备份目录，可自己指定）
TEMPDIR （备份目录的临时目录，可自己指定）
LOGFILE （脚本运行产生的日志文件路径）
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD （MySQL/MariaDB/Percona 的 root 用户密码）
MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME （指定 MySQL/MariaDB/Percona 的数据库名，留空则是备份所有数据库）
※ MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME 是一个数组变量，可以指定多个。举例如下：
MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME[0]="phpmyadmin" MYSQL_DATABASE_NAME[1]="test"
BACKUP （需要备份的指定目录或文件列表，留空就是不备份目录或文件）
※ BACKUP 是一个数组变量，可以指定多个。举例如下：
BACKUP[0]="/data/www/default/test.tgz" BACKUP[1]="/data/www/default/test/" BACKUP[2]="/data/www/default/test2/"
LOCALAGEDAILIES （指定多少天之后删除本地旧的备份文件，默认为 7 天）
DELETE_REMOTE_FILE_FLG （删除 Google Drive 或 FTP 上的备份文件 FLG，true 为删除，false 为不删除）
如果要用FTP 先yum -y install ftp
FTP_FLG （上传文件至 FTP 的 FLG，true 为上传，false 为不上传）
FTP_HOST （连接的 FTP 域名或 IP 地址）
FTP_USER （连接的 FTP 的用户名）
FTP_PASS （连接的 FTP 的用户的密码）
FTP_DIR （连接的 FTP 的远程目录，比如： public_html）
一些注意事项的说明：
1）脚本需要用 root 用户来执行；
2）脚本需要用到 openssl 来加密，请事先安装好；
3）脚本默认备份所有的数据库（全量备份）；
4）备份文件的解密命令如下：
openssl enc -aes256 -in [ENCRYPTED BACKUP] -out decrypted_backup.tgz -pass pass:[BACKUPPASS] -d -md sha1
5）备份文件解密后，解压命令如下：
tar -zxPf [DECRYPTION BACKUP FILE]
解释一下参数 -P：
tar 压缩文件默认都是相对路径的。加个 -P 是为了 tar 能以绝对路径压缩文件。因此，解压的时候也要带个 -P 参数。
3、配置 gdrive 命令
gdrive 是一个命令行工具，用于 Google Drive 的上传下载等操作。官网网站：
https://github.com/prasmussen/gdrive
当然，你可以用以下的命令来安装 gdrive。
x86_64（64位）：
wget -O /usr/bin/gdrive http://dl.lamp.sh/files/gdrive-linux-x64 chmod +x /usr/bin/gdrive
i386（32位）
wget -O /usr/bin/gdrive http://dl.lamp.sh/files/gdrive-linux-386 chmod +x /usr/bin/gdrive
然后，运行以下命令开始获取授权：
gdrive about
根据提示用浏览器打开 gdrive 给出的 URL，点击接受（Accept），然后将浏览器上显示出来的字符串粘贴回命令行里，完成授权。
4、运行脚本开始备份
./backup.sh
脚本默认会显示备份进度，并在最后统计出所需时间。
如果你想将脚本加入到 cron 自动运行的话，就不需要前台显示备份进度，只写日志就可以了。
这个时候你需要稍微改一下脚本中的 log 函数。
log() {
echo "$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")" "$1"
echo -e "$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")" "$1" >> ${LOGFILE}
}
改为：
log() {
echo -e "$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")" "$1" >> ${LOGFILE}
}
关于如何使用 cron 自动备份，这里就不再赘述了 以 CentOS 6 来举例说明。
修改文件 /etc/crontab，内容如下：
SHELL=/bin/bash PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin MAILTO=root HOME=/root
# For details see man 4 crontabs # Example of job definition: # .---------------- minute (0 - 59) # | .------------- hour (0 - 23) # | | .---------- day of month (1 - 31) # | | | .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ... # | | | | .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat # | | | | | # * * * * * user-name command to be executed 30 1 * * * root bash /root/backup.sh
以上表示，每天凌晨 1 点 30 分，root 用户执行一次 backup.sh 脚本。
注意：
一定要修改其中的 PATH 和 HOME 变量的值。
尤其是 HOME 变量，gdrive 命令能否正确执行，是要依赖于其配置文件的。默认用 root 配置的话，其配置文件夹应该是 /root/.gdrive/ ，所以要更改 HOME 的值。
原文来自于https://www.cnblogs.com/yunweis/p/8177734.html
声明：本文采用 BY-NC-SA 协议进行授权，如无注明均为原创，转载请注明转自 你好！刘
本文地址：Linux 网站文件和数据库全量备份 一键脚本（支持FTP，Google Drive）
本文地址：Linux 网站文件和数据库全量备份 一键脚本（支持FTP，Google Drive）
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